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    • .pl

    Country-code top-level domainsIDNDNSSEC

    Overview

    .pl is the Internet country-code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Poland. It is administered by Naukowa i Akademicka Sieć Komputerowa (NASK), the Polish Research and Academic Computer Network. Registrations are available directly at the second level or at the third level beneath a range of functional and regional second-level domains.

    History

    • Introduced / implemented: 30 July 1990.
    • Administered by: NASK (Research and Academic Computer Network).
    • Early milestone: the first recorded .pl subdomain was .pwr.pl, belonging to the Wrocław University of Technology.
    • Growth milestones:
      • Exceeded 1 million registered names in 2008.
      • Registry comprised more than 2.4 million domain names by the end of 2013.
      • 2,467,559 registered domains as of 30 September 2020.
    • Governance: .pl is one of the founding members of the Council of European National Top Level Domain Registries (CENTR).

    Usage and Audience

    • Intended use: entities connected with Poland.
    • Actual use: very popular within Poland.
    • Typical users and sectors:
      • Commercial entities (.com.pl, .biz.pl, and direct .pl registrations)
      • Network providers (.net.pl)
      • Education (.edu.pl)
      • Government (.gov.pl)
      • Culture and arts (.art.pl)
      • Non-profits and NGOs (.org.pl)
      • Military (.mil.pl)
      • General information (.info.pl)
    • Regional use: there are numerous regional second-level domains (118 regional endings) for cities and regions such as .krakow.pl, .poznan.pl, .wroclaw.pl, .warszawa.pl, .gda.pl, and many others.

    Registration Rules

    • Eligibility / Restrictions:
      • Intended for entities connected with Poland; the registry lists no broad prohibitive restrictions in the public summary.
      • Each domain must be registered in the National Domain Name Registry.
    • Structure:
      • Registrations available directly at second level (example: example.pl) or at third level under functional and regional second-level domains (example: example.com.pl).
    • Allowed characters and formats (technical rules):
      • Domain names may consist exclusively of Latin letters, digits and the character "-".
      • The "-" character must not be placed at the beginning or end of the domain name; it also must not appear simultaneously in the 3rd and 4th positions (except for Punycode prefix "xn--").
      • Maximum length: up to 63 characters (excluding the .pl or second-level domain portion).
    • Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs):
      • IDNs are supported in ASCII/Punycode form; registrants use the ASCII representation (no Unicode form in the registry zone).
      • Multiple scripts are available but scripts cannot be mixed within a single domain label.
    • Dispute resolution:
      • PIIT arbitration applies for Polish entities.
      • WIPO expedited arbitration is available for foreign entities.
    • Security features and policies:
      • DNSSEC: supported/active for the .pl zone.
      • Registry maintains anti-abuse policies addressing phishing, malware distribution, botnet command-and-control, and unauthorized access activities.

    SEO and Brand Impact

    • As a country-code TLD, .pl is commonly used to target Polish audiences and local online markets.
    • Widespread adoption in Poland (millions of registrations) contributes to local brand recognition for businesses and organizations using .pl domains.
    • Registry support for DNSSEC and explicit anti-abuse policies can contribute to domain security and trustworthiness for end users.

    Notable Cases or Examples

    • First known subdomain: .pwr.pl (Wrocław University of Technology).
    • Examples of popular functional second-level domains:
      • .com.pl, .biz.pl, .net.pl, .org.pl, .edu.pl, .gov.pl, .info.pl, .art.pl, .mil.pl
    • Examples of regional second-level domains (selection):
      • .krakow.pl, .poznan.pl, .wroclaw.pl / .wroc.pl, .warszawa.pl / .waw.pl, .gda.pl / .gdansk.pl, .szczecin.pl, .lublin.pl

    Operator

    Research and Academic Computer Network

    Whois

    % IANA WHOIS server
% for more information on IANA, visit http://www.iana.org
% This query returned 1 object

domain:       PL

organisation: Research and Academic Computer Network
address:      Kolska 12
address:      Warsaw 01-045
address:      Poland

contact:      administrative
name:         NASK Admin-C
organisation: Research and Academic Computer Network
address:      Kolska 12
address:      Warsaw 01-045
address:      Poland
phone:        +48 22 380 8200
fax-no:       +48 22 380 8201
e-mail:       pl-admin@dns.pl

contact:      technical
name:         NASK Tech-C
organisation: Research and Academic Computer Network
address:      Kolska 12
address:      Warsaw 01-045
address:      Poland
phone:        +48 22 380 8200
fax-no:       +48 22 380 8201
e-mail:       pl-tech@dns.pl

nserver:      A-DNS.PL 192.102.225.53 2001:7f9:0:0:0:0:0:53
nserver:      B-DNS.PL 192.195.72.53 2001:7f9:c:0:0:0:0:53
nserver:      D-DNS.PL 185.159.197.48 2620:10a:80aa:0:0:0:0:48
nserver:      F-DNS.PL 194.0.25.29 2001:678:20:0:0:0:0:29
nserver:      H-DNS.PL 185.159.198.48 2620:10a:80ab:0:0:0:0:48
nserver:      J-DNS.PL 2001:500:14:7004:ad:0:0:1 204.61.217.4
ds-rdata:     35456 8 2 c1fcc88c73ccbafaa2d6d68575b01ed753786cd733a4a239324d56097f17930b

whois:        whois.dns.pl

status:       ACTIVE
remarks:      Registration information: https://www.dns.pl/en/

created:      1990-07-30
changed:      2025-04-03
source:       IANA

    Registrars