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    • .ro

    Country-code top-level domainsDNSSEC

    Overview

    .ro is the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Romania. It is administered by the National Institute for R&D in Informatics (also referenced as the Romanian National R&D Computer Network, RNC) and managed through the ROTLD registry (rotld.ro). Registrations are widely used and the domain is described as "very popular in Romania." DNSSEC is supported and disputes are handled under the UDRP.

    History

    • Introduced / implemented: February 26, 1993.
    • Registry / operator: National Institute for R&D in Informatics (RNC), operating ROTLD.
    • Registry website and policy materials: registration agreement and related documents are available from the ROTLD site.

    Usage and Audience

    • Intended use: entities connected with Romania.
    • Popularity and registration counts (as reported in sources):
      • ~250,000 domains (December 2007)
      • 732,867 domains (June 2012)
      • 928,357 domains (September 2017)
      • 598,068 domains (30 April 2019)
    • Search presence: in June 2008 there were around 6.8 million Google results for the .ro domain.
    • Typical users: Romanian businesses, organizations, government, educational institutions and the general online community in Romania.

    Registration Rules

    • Structure:
      • Registrations are allowed at the second level (example: example.ro).
      • Third-level registrations are also available under various generic-category second-level domains (example: example.co.ro).
    • Restrictions:
      • There are no general restrictions for registering .ro domains at the second level; however, some second-level labels are reserved and have special rules or limited access.
      • Dispute policy: UDRP applies for resolving disputes.
    • Common second-level domains and intended uses (as listed by registry sources):
      • .co.ro — intended for commercial entities; anyone is able to register.
      • .ne.ro — intended for network provider computers and nodes; anyone is able to register.
      • .or.ro — intended for organisations (charities, unions, parties, community groups, etc.); anyone is able to register.
      • .srl.ro — intended for commercial entities in the S.R.L. legal form; anyone is able to register.
      • .sa.ro — intended for commercial entities in the S.A. legal form.
      • .ac.ro — intended for Romanian academic and educational institutions; this domain has limited access (recently limited further to public schools and state universities).
      • .gu.ro — intended for Romanian government offices or agencies; this domain has limited access.
      • .mil.ro — used by the Romanian military.

    SEO and Brand Impact

    • Perception and reach:
      • .ro is widely used within Romania and considered a trusted local namespace for Romanian businesses and institutions.
      • Large presence in search results historically (e.g., millions of Google hits in 2008) reflecting broad adoption.
    • Technical and policy signals:
      • DNSSEC is enabled for .ro, which can improve security and trust in DNS resolution for the domain space.
      • Use of an established ccTLD and registry-backed policies contributes to local brand recognition for entities targeting Romanian audiences.

    Notable Cases or Examples

    • Growth over time is notable, with registration counts rising from about 250,000 in 2007 to several hundred thousand–nearly a million in subsequent years (see Usage and Audience for dates and counts).
    • The registry maintains public-facing resources (ROTLD website) and a registration agreement for domain holders.

    Operator

    National Institute for R&D in Informatics

    Domain Promos

    RegistrarPriceDiscount
    EuroDNSUS$37.93 US$26.5530

    Whois

    % IANA WHOIS server
% for more information on IANA, visit http://www.iana.org
% This query returned 1 object

domain:       RO

organisation: National Institute for R&D in Informatics
address:      Bd. Averescu 8-10
address:      Sector 1
address:      Bucharest 011454
address:      Romania

contact:      administrative
name:         Ionut Eugen SANDU
organisation: National Institute for R&D in Informatics
address:      Bd. Averescu 8-10
address:      Sector 1
address:      Bucharest 011454
address:      Romania
phone:        +40 21 4057200
fax-no:       +40 21 316 5340
e-mail:       ionut@rotld.ro

contact:      technical
name:         .ro TLD Tech Contact
organisation: National Institute for R&D in Informatics
address:      Bd. Averescu 8-10
address:      Sector 1
address:      Bucharest 011454
address:      Romania
phone:        +40 21 4057200
fax-no:       +40 21 316 1084
e-mail:       dns@rotld.ro

nserver:      DNS-AT.ROTLD.RO 2001:628:453:bb:0:0:0:6 78.104.145.6
nserver:      DNS-C.ROTLD.RO 194.0.11.113 2001:678:e:113:0:0:0:53
nserver:      DNS-RO.DENIC.DE 81.91.161.99
nserver:      PRIMARY.ROTLD.RO 192.162.16.18 2a03:5e80:0:4:192:162:16:18
nserver:      SEC-DNS-A.ROTLD.RO 192.162.16.20 2a03:5e80:0:4:192:162:16:20
nserver:      SEC-DNS-B.ROTLD.RO 193.230.31.230 2a03:5e80:0:5:193:230:31:230
ds-rdata:     28330 8 2 f76431ce5df70b17cc445dea069da4d581bd8ca79c622e90a5f1eb35bbc6993d

whois:        whois.rotld.ro

status:       ACTIVE
remarks:      Registration information: http://www.rotld.ro/

created:      1993-02-26
changed:      2025-05-09
source:       IANA

    Registrars