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    • .tr

    Country-code top-level domains

    Overview

    • .tr is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Turkey.
    • Introduced/implemented in 1990 (delegation date: 17 September 1990 / implemented 17 September 1990).
    • Managed by trABİS (run by the Information and Communication Technologies Authority of Turkey, BTK) and operated by the ICT Authority's Computer Center DNS Group.
    • As of 13 March 2025 there were 1,303,091 registered .tr domains. DNSSEC is marked as not enabled (no).

    History

    • Delegated and introduced in 1990 (17 September 1990).
    • Historically administered by NIC.tr and managed by the Turkey Internet Society (local ISOC chapter) until September 2022.
    • nic.tr was closed on 12 September 2022; since then domain management is handled via accredited registrars and the registry TRABIS (BTK).
    • In 2023 the registry began a phased launch to allow existing SLD registrants to apply for second-level .tr domains; the third phase ended on 7 August 2024 and allocations moved to first-come, first-served.

    Usage and Audience

    • Intended for entities connected with Turkey; very popular within Turkey.
    • Commonly used SLDs/subdomains include commercial, educational, governmental and professional namespaces (for example com.tr, edu.tr, gov.tr).
    • com.tr has historically been the most-used subdomain (noted growth of com.tr registrations in past statistics).
    • Some infrastructure exists for Turkish Cypriot use under second-level labels .ct.tr and .nc.tr for institutions of Northern Cyprus.
    • Web server and security statistics (historical snapshot): at one point Microsoft-IIS and Apache were the most common web servers for .tr domains; HTTPS adoption and popular certificate authorities have varied over time.

    Registration Rules

    • Applicant eligibility: individuals or legal entities may apply; registrant must be located in Turkey or have a representative in Turkey (restrictions vary by SLD).
    • Since the 2022 registry changes, registrations are processed via accredited registrars; TRABIS remains registrar for restricted SLDs (e.g., gov.tr).
    • Second-level registrations were opened via a phased process (2023–2024) and are now allocated first-come, first-served following the end of the third phase (7 August 2024).
    • Character and format rules (requirements):
      • Allowed characters: letters (a–z), numbers (0–9), and hyphens (-).
      • Length: minimum 2 characters, maximum 63 characters.
      • Must not start or end with a hyphen.
      • The third and fourth characters cannot both be hyphens.
    • Many third-level SLDs have specific eligibility/restriction rules (see list of common SLDs below); some SLDs require supporting documents or specific institutional approvals.

    SEO and Brand Impact

    • .tr is widely recognized within Turkey and is commonly used by Turkish businesses, government, educational and non-profit organizations, supporting local trust and relevance.
    • The com.tr and other national SLDs are frequently used by commercial entities targeting Turkish audiences.
    • No general statement in source material about global search-engine treatment beyond usage statistics; the TLD's regional focus supports geographic relevance for Turkey-targeted SEO.

    Notable Cases or Examples

    • Second-level and third-level structure:
      • Many registrations occur at third-level beneath category SLDs such as com.tr, net.tr, org.tr, edu.tr, gov.tr, etc.
      • Examples of reserved or purpose-specific SLDs: gov.tr (government), tsk.tr (Turkish Armed Forces, replaced mil.tr in 2010), k12.tr (schools), edu.tr (higher education), av.tr (lawyers), dr.tr (medical), bel.tr (municipalities), pol.tr (police), kep.tr (registered electronic mail providers), nom.tr/name.tr (personal use), tv.tr (television industry), biz.tr, info.tr, web.tr, gen.tr.
    • Northern Cyprus: .ct.tr and .nc.tr are second-level labels used by some Turkish Cypriot state institutions because Northern Cyprus does not have its own ccTLD.
    • Administrative change: closure of nic.tr (12 September 2022) and transfer of operational management to trABİS/BTK and accredited registrars is a notable recent milestone.

    Operator

    Bilgi Teknolojileri ve İletişim Kurumu (BTK)

    Whois

    % IANA WHOIS server
% for more information on IANA, visit http://www.iana.org
% This query returned 1 object

domain:       TR

organisation: Bilgi Teknolojileri ve İletişim Kurumu (BTK)
address:      Eskisehir Yolu 10.Km No:276 Çankaya
address:      Ankara 06530
address:      Türkiye

contact:      administrative
name:         Chief ICT Expert
organisation: Bilgi Teknolojileri ve İletişim Kurumu
address:      Eskisehir Yolu 10.Km No:276 Çankaya
address:      Ankara 06530
address:      Türkiye
phone:        +90 (312) 203 18 47
fax-no:       +90 (312) 294 71 45
e-mail:       onur.gencer@btk.gov.tr

contact:      technical
name:         ICT Expert
organisation: Bilgi Teknolojileri ve İletişim Kurumu
address:      Eskisehir Yolu 10.Km No:276 Çankaya
address:      Ankara 06530
address:      Türkiye
phone:        +90 (312) 586 53 11
fax-no:       +90 (312) 294 71 45
e-mail:       gokhan.usta@btk.gov.tr

nserver:      NS43.NS.TR 185.7.0.4
nserver:      NS44.NS.TR 185.7.0.5
nserver:      NS61.NS.TR 206.51.254.1 2620:171:804:ad2:0:0:0:1
nserver:      NS71.NS.TR 185.67.32.53
nserver:      NS72.NS.TR 2603:1020:201:10:0:0:0:111 40.68.114.66
nserver:      NS73.NS.TR 31.145.253.159
nserver:      NS74.NS.TR 31.145.253.160
ds-rdata:     23500 13 2 2405380f78933579783f2b91521d613b63ae2ce20f4e9e886b469e2b15e2e813

whois:        whois.trabis.gov.tr

status:       ACTIVE
remarks:      Registration information: http://www.trabis.gov.tr

created:      1990-09-17
changed:      2025-05-05
source:       IANA

    Registrars